Periodontal status among 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based cross-sectional study in Quito, Ecuador

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.

Giant bladder calculus in a patient with recurrent urinary tract infections / Cálculo vesical gigante em um paciente com infecções urinárias de repetição

A giant bladder stone is rare and is usually defined as "giant" if its weight is over 100g. We describe a 43-year-old man who presented with urinary sepsis, hypotension, abdominal pain, and a vesicocutaneous urinary fistula. Laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.6 g/dL, leukocytes 22,700/mm³, creatinine 7.29mg/dL (eGFR 8.8mL/min/1.73m2), urea 181 mg/dL, serum pH 6.99 and bicarbonate 6 meq/L. Abdominal tomography showed bilaterally reduced cortical thickness of the kidneys and a bladder stone of 6x6x11 cm. He was treated with antibiotic therapy, dialysis, and open cystolithotomy. Clinical improvement was observed, despite kidney disease persistence, with chronic dialysis therapy.

Cálculos gigantes na bexiga são raros e são definidos como "gigantes" quando o peso é superior a 100g. Apresentamos um homem de 43 anos com sepse urinária. O exame físico revelou hipotensão, dor abdominal e fístula urinária vesicocutânea. O laboratório mostrou hemoglobina 6,6 g/dL, leucócitos 22.700/mm³, creatinina 7,29 mg/dL (TFGe 8,8mL/min/1,73m2), ureia 181 mg/dL, pH sérico 6,99 e bicarbonato 6 meq/L. A tomografia abdominal mostrou redução da espessura cortical dos rins bilateralmente e cálculo vesical de 6x6x11 cm. Foi tratado com antibioticoterapia, diálise e cistolitotomia aberta. Melhora clínica foi observada, apesar de persistência da doença renal, com terapia dialítica crônica.

Study on the influencing factors and mechanism of cholesterol polyps and cholesterol calculus in gallbladder / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of gallbladder cholesteryl polyps (GCP) and gallbladder cholesterol calculus (GCC) by studying the different changes of mucin (MUC) expression and reverse cholesterol transporter (RCT) in gallbladder mucosa epithelium.Methods:The data of 10 GCP patients (GCP group), 10 GCC patients (GCC group) and 5 patients with normal gallbladder resection (control group) were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent cholecystectomy in the Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to December 2021. Among the 10 patients in the GCP group, there were 5 males and 5 females, aged (43.40±9.59) years old. Among the 10 patients in the GCC group, 5 males and 5 female, aged (45.00±8.13) years old. Among the 5 patients in the control group, there were 3 males and 2 females, aged (43.80±6.01) years old. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression differences of various subtypes of MUC and RCT [ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) and B group type I scavenger receptor (SR-BI)] among each group.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of MUC1 (3.40±0.70 vs. 0), MUC5AC (1.50±0.53 vs. 0), MUC6 (4.70±0.48 vs. 0), and ABCG1 (3.50±0.53 vs. 1.60±0.55) in the gallbladder mucosa of the GCP group increased, while the expression score of SR-BI decreased (1.70±0.48 vs. 3.40±0.55), with statistical significance (all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the expression of MUC1 (4.80±0.42 vs. 0), MUC5AC (4.70±0.48 vs. 0), MUC6 (3.30±0.67 vs. 0), and ABCG1 (3.40±0.52 vs. 1.60±0.55) in the gallbladder mucosa of the GCC group increased, while the expression score of SR-BI decreased (0 vs. 3.40±0.55), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The different expression levels of MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC6, and RCT proteins lead to the differential formation of GCP and GCC on the basis of the co-pathogenesis in high cholesterol in bile.

Mechanism of Calculus Bovis treating keratitis based on network pharmacology / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the complex Calculus Bovis-target-keratitis network and to explore the molecular mechanism of Calculus Bovis treating keratitis through network pharmacology. Methods:Genes related to keratitis were searched in the online DisGeNET database and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of keratitis-associated proteins was constructed.The components isolated and identified in Calculus Bovis were collected through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP, https: //tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php), Chemistry Database by Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS (http: //www.organchem.csdb.cn), and published literature.The canonical SMILES information of the collected components was exported, which were submitted to the SwissTargetPrediction platform to predict potential targets of the components.The active component-predicted target network of Calculus Bovis was constructed and merged with the PPI network of keratitis-associated proteins to build the active component-potential target network of Calculus Bovis and systemically investigate the potential targets and signal pathways of Calculus Bovis in treatment of keratitis.The component-target-pathway network was established to analyze the mechanism of Calculus Bovis treating keratitis. Results:Thirty-nine components isolated and identified in Calculus Bovis were searched and 65 target genes related to keratitis were screened.Of the 28 potential targets involved in Calculus Bovis treating keratitis, there were 7 direct targets, including tumor necrosis factor, caspase 1, Toll-like receptor 9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, interleukin-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1.The 28 potential targets were annotated to 12 entries for biological process, 18 for cellular components and 13 for molecular function.In the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis, 10 signal pathways were identified as enriched categories, which were mainly related to human cytomegalovirus infection, amoebiasis, antifolate resistance, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis, apoptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, malaria, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, interleukin-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions:Calculus Bovis may play an adjuvant therapeutic effect on keratitis through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immune regulation, inflammatory regulation and other functions.

Research progress on renal calculus associate with inborn error of metabolism / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Renal calculus is a common disease with complex etiology and high recurrence rate. Recent studies have revealed that gene mutations may lead to metabolic defects which are associated with the formation of renal calculus, and single gene mutation is involved in relative high proportion of renal calculus. Gene mutations cause changes in enzyme function, metabolic pathway, ion transport, and receptor sensitivity, causing defects in oxalic acid metabolism, cystine metabolism, calcium ion metabolism, or purine metabolism, which may lead to the formation of renal calculus. The hereditary conditions associated with renal calculus include primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, Dent disease, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, Bartter syndrome, primary distal renal tubular acidosis, infant hypercalcemia, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, and hereditary xanthinuria. This article reviews the research progress on renal calculus associated with inborn error of metabolism, to provide reference for early screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and recurrence of renal calculus.

Research status of Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines based on bibliometric analysis / 中国中药杂志

With scarce resources, natural Bovis Calculus is expensive and hard to meet clinical demand. At the moment, four kinds of Bovis Calculus are available on the market: the natural product, in vitro cultured product, synthesized product, and the product formed in cow after manual intervention. In this study, papers on the four kinds of Bovis Calculus products and relevant Chinese patent medicines were searched from Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). CiteSpace, citexs AI, and CNKI were employed for bibliometric analysis and knowledge map analysis. On this basis, the status, trend, and focuses of research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines were summarized. The results suggested overall slow development in the research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines with three typical growth stages. It is consistent with the development of Bovis Calculus substitutes and the national policy for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. At the moment, the research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines has been on the rise. In recent years, there has been an explosion of research on them, particularly the quality control of Bovis Calculus and the Chinese patent medicines, the pharmacological efficacy of Chinese patent medicines, such as Angong Niuhuang Pills, and the comparison of the quality of various Bovis Calculus products. However, there is a paucity of research on the pharmacological efficacy and the mechanism of Bovis Calculus. This medicinal and the relevant Chinese patent medicines have been studied from diverse perspectives and China becomes outstanding in this research field. However, it is still necessary to reveal the chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and mechanism through multi-dimensional deep research.

Effect and mechanism of Bovis Calculus on ulcerative colitis by inhibiting IL-17/IL-17RA/Act1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of Bovis Calculus in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) through network pharmacological prediction and animal experimental verification. Databases such as BATMAN-TCM were used to mine the potential targets of Bovis Calculus against UC, and the pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Seventy healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a solvent model(2% polysorbate 80) group, a salazosulfapyridine(SASP, 0.40 g·kg~(-1)) group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose Bovis Calculus Sativus(BCS, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05 g·kg~(-1)) groups according to the body weight. The UC model was established in mice by drinking 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) solution for 7 days. The mice in the groups with drug intervention received corresponding drugs for 3 days before modeling by gavage, and continued to take drugs for 7 days while modeling(continuous administration for 10 days). During the experiment, the body weight of mice was observed, and the disease activity index(DAI) score was recorded. After 7 days of modeling, the colon length was mea-sured, and the pathological changes in colon tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-17(IL-17) in colon tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, Act1, TRAF2, TRAF5, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The protein expression of IL-17, IL-17RA, Act1, p-p38 MAPK, and p-ERK1/2 was investigated by Western blot. The results of network pharmacological prediction showed that Bovis Calculus might play a therapeutic role through the IL-17 signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. As revealed by the results of animal experiments, on the 10th day of drug administration, compared with the solvent model group, all the BCS groups showed significantly increased body weight, decreased DAI score, increased colon length, improved pathological damage of colon mucosa, and significantly inhibited expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β, and IL-17 in colon tissues. The high-dose BCS(0.20 g·kg~(-1)) could significantly reduce the mRNA expression levels of IL-17, Act1, TRAF2, TRAF5, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 in colon tissues of UC model mice, tend to down-regulate mRNA expression levels of IL-17RA and CXCL10, significantly inhibit the protein expression of IL-17RA,Act1,and p-ERK1/2, and tend to decrease the protein expression of IL-17 and p-p38 MAPK. This study, for the first time from the whole-organ-tissue-molecular level, reveals that BCS may reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by inhibiting the IL-17/IL-17RA/Act1 signaling pathway, thereby improving the inflammatory injury of colon tissues in DSS-induced UC mice and exerting the effect of clearing heat and removing toxins.

Gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in 12-Year-Old schoolchildren / Estado gingival y presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo en escolares de 12 años

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in saliva samples of 12-year-old schoolchildren. A calibrated periodontist evaluated biofilm index (BI) (Silness and Löe, 1964), presence of calculus, and gingival index (GI) (Silness and Löe, 1967) in sixty two 12-year-old students of Carmen Lyra School. Saliva samples were collected from each student. The DNA of each sample was extracted and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers. The BI was 1.18. Calculus was present in 40.40% of the schoolchildren examined; 19.4% was supragingival calculus and 21% both supragingival and subgingival calculus. The GI was 0.97, which according to Silness and Löe is mild gingivitis. Gingivitis was present in 96.8% of the children examined. Regarding the PCR tests: 18 of the samples (31.58%) did not present any of the bacteria analyzed and the remaining 39 samples (68.42%) were positive for at least the presence of red complex bacteria. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus is high in the sample examined, and the gingival state observed in the study population, may be related to the presence of red complex bacteria.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio era determinar el estado gingival y la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo en muestras de saliva de niños de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra. Una periodoncista calibrada evaluó en 62 estudiantes de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra, el índice de biofilme (IB) (Silness y Löe, 1964), la presencia de cálculo y el índice gingival (IG) (Silness y Löe, 1967). Se recolectaron muestras de saliva de cada estudiante. El ADN de cada muestra fue extraído y amplificado por medio de la prueba PCR, empleando primers específicos, para determinar la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo. El IB fue de 1.18. El cálculo estuvo presente en el 40.40% de la muestra, se encontró 19.4% de cálculo en supragingival y 21% tanto en supragingival como en subgingival. El IG fue de 0.97, que de acuerdo con Silness y Löe es una gingivitis leve. La gingivitis estuvo presente en el 96.8 % de los niños examinados. Con respecto a las pruebas PCR: 18 de las muestras (31.58 %) no presentaron ninguna de las bacterias analizadas y las 39 muestras restantes (68.42%) fueron positivas por lo menos a la presencia de las bacterias del complejo rojo. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, se concluye que la prevalencia de gingivitis y cálculo es alta en la muestra examinada y el estado gingival observado puede estar relacionado con la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo.

Ação de dentifrícios antiplaca e anticálculosobre esmalte dentário bovino / The action of antiplaque and anticalculus dentifrices in bovine dental enamel

Introdução: os dentifrícios antiplaca e anticálculo contêm, em sua composição, agentes específicos para o controle e a redução do biofilme dentário, como o citrato de zinco, o óxido de zinco e o pirofosfato tetrassódico, dentre outros. Objetivo: avaliar in vitroa ação de dentifrícios antiplaca e anticálculo na variação da massa e da rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino submetido à escovação simulada por 6 e 12 meses.Metodologia: 40 corpos de prova (CP) foram randomizados e divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=10): grupo controle (GC- água) e 3 grupos teste (GT1 ­ Colgate-Total® 12 Clean Mint, GT2 ­ Colgate-Total® 12 Anti-Tártaro, GT3 ­ Prevent® Antiplaca). Os CP foram submetidos à escovação simulada por 6 e 12 mesese as avaliações da massa e da rugosidade foram realizadas após cada período de escovação. Resultados: a análise da variação da massa demonstrou que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos e os tempos. A avaliação da rugosidade demonstrou que, após 12 meses de escovação, o GT1 apresentou aumento significativo da rugosidade, quando comparado aos grupos controle e testes, enquanto os grupos GT2 e GT3 apresentaram comportamento semelhante após um ano de escovação, promovendo o polimento superficial do esmalte bovino. Conclusão: a escovação com os dentifrícios antiplaca ou anticálculo não promoveu perda significativa da massa no esmalte bovino e promoveu seu polimento.

Introduction: Antiplaque and anticalculus dentifrices contain in their composition specific agents for the control and reduction of dental biofilm, such as zinc citrate, zinc oxide, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, among others. Objective: To evaluate in vitro the action of antiplaque and anticalculus dentifrices on the variation of mass and surface roughness of bovine enamel submitted to simulated brushing for 6 and 12 months. Metodology: 40 specimens (PB) were randomized and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control group (GC ­ water) and 3 test groups (GT1 ­ Colgate-Total® 12 Clean Mint, GT2 ­ Colgate-Total® 12 Anti-Tartar, and GT3 ­ Prevent®Antiplaque). The PB were submitted to simulated brushing for 6 and 12 months and the mass and roughness evaluations were performed after each brushing period. Results: The analysis of mass variation showed that there was no significant difference between groups and times. The roughness evaluation showed that after 12 months of brushing, GT1 showed a significant increase in roughness when compared to the control and test groups, while the GT2 and GT3 groups showed similar behavior after one year of brushing, promoting the surface polishing of bovine enamel. Conclusion: Brushing with antiplaque or anticalculus dentifrices did not promote significant mass loss in bovine enamel and promoted its polishing.

Effects of video combined with action-oriented teaching on self-management and complications in patients with urinary calculus after indwelling tube / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of video combined with action-oriented teaching on self-management skill and complications in patients with urinary calculus after indwelling tube, and to provide basis for improving the effect of clinical health education.Methods:A total of 100 patients with urinary calculus after indwelling double J tube from department of urological surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2018 to October 2019 were divided into experimental group and control group, 45 cases in each group by ramdom digits table method. The patients in the control group recieved routine care and oral health education, the experimental group implemented video combined with action-oriented teaching. The levels of health self-management skill as well as complications were compared between the two groups.Results:After extubation, self-management behavioral scores, self-management cognitive scores, self-management environment scores and total scores in Adults Health Self-Management Skill Rating Scale were (54.26 ± 4.39), (57.22 ± 6.93), (39.91 ± 7.91), (151.39 ± 13.37) points, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (47.92 ± 6.96) , (52.69 ± 6.45), (34.63 ± 8.53), (135.24 ± 12.71) points, the difference were statistically significant ( t values were 2.64-6.04, all P<0.05). The total incidence of tube related complications was 39.1% (18/46) in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group 61.2% (30/49). The incidence of lumbago, bladder irritation symptom and shematuria were 10.9% (5/46), 13.0% (6/46), 10.9% (5/46) in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group 28.6% (14/49), 32.7% (16/49), 30.6%(15/49), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 4.63-5.56, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Video combined with action-oriented teaching can effectively improve self-management skill and reduce tube-related complications of patients with urinary calculi after indwelling double J tube.

Clinical characteristics and surgical effects of acute calculous cholecystitis in high altitude area of Tibet / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical effects of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) in high altitude area of Tibet.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 182 ACC patients who underwent surgery in the 954th Hospital of Army from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected. There were 56 males and 126 females, aged (41±13)years. Of the 182 patients, 61 cases undergoing open cholecystec-tomy were divided into the open group, and 121 cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were divided into the laparoscopic group. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of ACC in high altitude area; (2) surgical situations; (3) postoperative complications; (4) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postopera-tive complications of patients up to October 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measure-ment data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of ACC in high altitude area. Of the 182 patients, cases with symptom duration as <3 days, 3 days to 1 month, >1 month and ≤12 months, >12 months were 37, 43, 57, 45, respectively. Seventy-seven of the 182 patients were combined with other diseases before surgery. (2) Surgical situations. Two cases in the open group were found common bile duct stones during the operation, and underwent choledochotomy and T-tube drainage. Nine cases in the laparoscopic group were converted to laparotomy, including 3 cases with severe abdominal adhesion and ineffective hemostasis, 6 cases with anatomical variation of Calot triangle. The conversion to laparotomy rate was 7.438%(9/121). The other patients in the open group and the laparoscopic group completed surgery successfully. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with indwelling drainage tube, cases with acute simple cholecystitis, acute suppurative cholecystitis, acute gangrene cholecystitis, gallbladder perforation of disease pathological type, postoperative white cell count, postoperative neutrophil percentage, duration of postoperative hospital stay were (109±42)minutes, 50(45,100)mL, (16.1±1.5)hours, (31.4±11.9)hours, 33, 25, 27, 6, 3, (6.8±1.9)×10 9/L, 72.7%±7.4%, (7.3±1.7)days for the open group. The above indicators were (98±43)minutes, 20(20,50)mL, (12.9±1.4)hours, (26.7±12.1)hours, 51, 56, 51, 9, 5, (7.1±2.4)×10 9/L, 70.5%±8.7%, (6.4±1.7)days for the laparoscopic group. There were significant differences in the volume of intraopera-tive blood loss, time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=?6.75, t=14.41, 2.46, 3.45, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time, cases with indwelling drainage tube, diseases pathological type, postoperative white cell count, postoperative neutrophil percentage between the two groups ( t=1.66, χ2=2.33, 0.84, t=?0.71, 1.66, P>0.05). (3) Postoperative complica-tions. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 of the 61 patients in the open group and 5 of the 121 patients in the laparoscopic group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between the two groups ( χ2=2.46, P>0.05). (4) Follow-up. Of the 182 patients, 115 cases including 35 cases in the open group and 80 cases in the laparoscopic group were followed up for 12(range, 3?24)months. During the follow-up, 1 case of the 35 patients in the open group had abdominal pain and jaundice, which was diagnosed as choledocholithiasis. The patient was improved after stone removal with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Two cases of the 35 patients in the open group had upper abdominal pain with fever and were improved after anti-infection treatment. Of the 80 patients in the laparoscopic group, 1 case had upper abdominal pain and 1 case had dyspepsia and anorexia, respectively. The two cases were improved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Patients with ACC in the high altitude area of Tibet have high ratio of preoperative complications, long diseases history and high incidence rates of pyogenic perforation of the gallbladder. Patients with ACC in the high altitude area undergoing LC is safe and effective. Compared with open cholecystectomy, LC have less volume of intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative recovery and shorter duration of postoperative hospital stay.

Comparação entre as técnicas de raspagem e alisamento radicular e desbridamento ultrassônico no protocolo de desinfecção de boca toda: relato de caso / Comparison between scaling and root planing and ultrasonic debridement techniques in the full mouth disinfection protocol: case report

O tratamento periodontal consiste na remoção do biofilme patogênico, através da raspagem e alisamento radicular. O desbridamento ultrassônico de boca toda promove uma instrumentação mais conservadora, porém eficiente da superfície radicular, em sessão única. Evitando a translocação bacteriana de uma região tratada para outra que já foi. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma comparação entre a eficácia da raspagem manual e a ultrassônica dentro do protocolo da FMD, através de um relato de caso clínico. Houve uma melhora nos parâmetros clínicos periodontais em todos os quadrantes, porém resultados superiores foram observados com o desbridamento com ultrassom e irrigação com clorexidina. A instrumentação com ultrassom associada a clorexidina no tratamento da periodontite estágio III grau C generalizada, reduz com eficácia o tempo de tratamento, otimizando o tempo do paciente e profissional(AU)

Periodontal treatment consists of removing the pathogenic biofilm, by scaling and root planing. Ultrasonic debridement of the entire mouth promotes more conservative, yet efficient instrumentation of the root surface, in a single session. Avoiding bacterial translocation from one treated region to another that has already been. The objective of the present study was to make a comparison between the effectiveness of manual and ultrasonic scraping within the FMD protocol, through a clinical case report. There was an improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in all quadrants, but superior results were observed with debridement with ultrasound and irrigation with chlorhexidine. Instrumentation with ultrasound associated with chlorhexidine in the treatment of generalized stage III grade C periodontitis, effectively reduces treatment time, optimizing patient and professional time(AU)

Study on the effects of periodontal subgingival scaling under the mode of standardized residency training of stomatology general medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of the periodontal subgingival scaling in different stages of standardized residency training of stomatology general medicine.Methods:Thirty residents in Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were recruited by stratified randomization and divided into three groups, including 1-month group, 3-month group and 6-month group. The residual ratio of clinical calculus was compared after periodontal subgingival scaling among groups. SPSS 23.0 was conducted for Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:The mean residual ratio of clinical calculus in 3-month group and 6-month group were significantly lower than that in the 1-month group. In the 3-month group, the scaling could only achieve the effective results at the shallow pockets and anterior tooth area. Compared with the 1-month group, the 6-month group significantly decreased the residual ratio of clinical calculus for the sites with pocket depth of 4-6 mm, but there were still insufficiency to deal with the posterior tooth area.Conclusion:The 3-6 months residency training of periodontology could improve the effectiveness of the periodontal subgingival scaling. We should establish reasonable assessment and evaluation system according to different stages of residents, and the subgingival scaling training in the posterior areas and the distal interproximal sites should be reinforced in order to more effectively improve the quality of the standardized residency training.

Efficacy of Paishi decoction in treatment of ureteral calculi / 上海预防医学

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Paishi decoction in ureteral calculi treatment. Methods:Ureteral calculi patients were voluntarily divided into two groups in Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital. Patients in the control group received anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment for 2 weeks， and patients in the treatment group received anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment combined with Paishi decoction for 2 weeks. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender， age， body weight and stone size. Compared with the control group， after taking Paishi decoction for 2 weeks， the urinary oxalic acid and calcium in the treatment group decreased significantly， and the urine citric acid increased （P<0.05）. The difference in clinical effective rate was significant between the two groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Paishi decoction is superior to single anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment in the treatment of ureteral calculi， which reflects the advantages of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. However， the number of patients included in this study was limited， further studies are in need to verify the result.

Effects of ultrasonic subgingival scaling and root planing with a periodontal endoscope on the root surface / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To evaluate the effects of root calculus residue and root cement preservation by ultrasonic subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without perioscopy.@*Methods @# Twelve teeth extracted due to severe periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups with four teeth in each group: ① Endoscope-assisted SRP group. The root surfaces of the affected teeth were cleaned with an EMS ultrasonic treatment instrument. ② Traditional SRP group. The affected teeth were treated by ultrasonic subgingival scaling and hand root planing with a Gracey curette. ③ Untreat group. The above operations were performed by the same senior physician. Under local anesthesia, each tooth was scraped for 10 minutes and then extracted. The residual amount of calculus on the root surface after plaque staining was observed and recorded. The thickness of the retained cementum at 1/3 of the root neck was measured.@*Results@# The residual rate of calculus on the root surface was the lowest in the endoscope-assisted SRP group, which was significantly different from the traditional SRP group and the untreated group (P < 0.001). Histological observation showed that the mean residual cementum thickness at 1/3 of the root neck increased gradually from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), 2.5 mm below the CEJ and 5 mm below the CEJ. Ultrasound SRP assisted by endoscopy caused less damage to the cementum and preserved the cementum better than traditional subgingival scaling (P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@# Compared with traditional SRP therapy, endoscope-assisted SRP treatment can remove subgingival plaque and calculus more effectively and can better preserve the cementum of the root surface.

Composition and histopathological features of prostatic calculi in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the composition of prostatic calculus in patients with BPH and explore its pathogenic factors and histopathological characteristics.@*METHODS@#Strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included in this retrospective study 580 cases of bipolar transurethral plasma kinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) performed in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2019, analyzed the histopathological and calculus-composition features of the patients with BPH complicated by prostatic calculi (the BPH+PC group) and the histopathological data of those with BPH only (the BPH group). We compared the related factors between the two groups of patients and performed uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses of the data on those in the BPH+PC group.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rate of chronic inflammation was significantly higher in the BPH+PC than in the BPH group (83.1% vs 61.1%, P 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that prostatic calculus was significantly correlated with chronic inflammation of the prostate, the patient's age and IPSS (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Prostatic calculus has a high incidence in BPH patients and varies widely in composition, chiefly consisting of calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite. The major factors contributing to prostatic calculi include chronic inflammation of the prostate (primarily the severe type), age and BPH. Prostate calculi may aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms, especially urinary storage symptoms, in patients with BPH, but not significantly affect the PSA level.？.

Estudo retrospectivo das doenças da cavidade oral de cães em um serviço de odontologia veterinária / Main demographic and nosological characteristics of diseases of the oral cavity of dogs treated at a veterinary dentistry service

Afecções da cavidade oral como o Cálculo Dentário (CD) e a Doença Periodontal (DP) são frequentes na clínica de cães e têm grande impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos. No entanto, a adoção de medidas preventivas ainda é difícil, uma vez que a epidemiologia das doenças da cavidade oral ainda é pouco compreendida no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos dos distúrbios da cavidade oral de 198 cães atendidos no período compreendido entre 2013 e 2019, em um serviço de odontologia veterinária, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As raças mais prevalentes foram cães sem raça definida, seguidos do Yorkshire, não havendo distinção significativa entre o gênero. Quanto a idade, observou-se uma predominância de animais de meia idade a idosos, com faixa etária acima dos 7 anos. Dentre as afecções mais prevalentes, o destaque se deve ao cálculo dentário e a doença periodontal seguidos de gengivite e halitose. Quanto aos hábitos dos tutores, notou-se baixa realização de escovação rotineira, e um alto percentual no fornecimento de petiscos. Avaliando-se os resultados e os relacionando aos hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, conclui-se que a alimentação com ração canina industrializada teve maior impacto e associação a CD do que a alimentação natural.

Diseases of the oral cavity, such as Dental Calculus (DC) and Periodontal Disease (PD), are frequent in the dog clinic and have a great impact on the health and quality of life of affected patients. However, the adoption of preventive measures is still difficult, since the epidemiology of diseases of the oral cavity is still poorly understood in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and nosological aspects – such as feeding and brushing habits – of disorders of the oral cavity of 198 dogs treated in the period between 2013 and 2019, in a veterinary dentistry service, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The most prevalent breeds were mixed breed dogs, followed by Yorkshire Terries, with no significant distinction between the gender. As for age, there was a predominance of animals from middle age to the elderly, with ages above seven years old. Among the most prevalent conditions, the highlight is due to dental calculus and periodontal disease followed by gingivitis and halitosis. Regarding the tutors’ habits, there was a low level of routine brushing, and a high percentage in the supply of snacks. Evaluating the results and relating them to the eating habits of the patients, the hypothesis that comercial dog food feeding may somehow contribute to dental calculus evolution, urging studies with bigger samples for a deeper investigation.

Principais características demográficas e nosológicas das doenças da cavidade oral de cães atendidos em um serviço de odontologia veterinária / Main demographic and nosological characteristics of diseases of the oral cavity of dogs treated at a veterinary dentistry service

Afecções da cavidade oral como o cálculo dentário (CD) e a doença periodontal (DP) são frequentes na clínica de cães e têm grande impacto na saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes acometidos. No entanto, a adoção de medidas preventivas ainda é difícil, uma vez que a frequência das doenças da cavidade oral em cães ainda é pouco compreendida no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar características demográficas e nosológicas, como os hábitos alimentares e de manejo de escovação, dos distúrbios da cavidade oral de 198 cães atendidos no período compreendido entre 2013 e 2019, em um serviço de odontologia veterinária, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos cães atendidos não tinha raça definida. Entre os de raça pura, Yorkshire Terrie foi a mais prevalente, não havendo distinção significativa entre o gênero, em todos os casos. Quanto à idade, observou-se uma predominância de animais de meia idade a idosos, com faixa etária acima dos sete anos. Dentre as afecções mais prevalentes, o destaque se deve ao cálculo dentário e à doença periodontal, seguidos por gengivite e halitose. Quanto aos hábitos dos tutores, notou-se baixa adesão à realização de escovação rotineira, e um alto percentual no fornecimento de petiscos. Avaliando-se os resultados e relacionando-os aos hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, surge a hipótese de que a alimentação à base de ração comercial, de alguma forma possa contribuir para evolução do cálculo dentário, necessitando estudos com maior amostragem para elucidação.

Diseases of the oral cavity, such as Dental Calculus (DC) and Periodontal Disease (PD), are frequent in the dog clinic and have a great impact on the health and quality of life of affected patients. However, the adoption of preventive measures is still difficult, since the epidemiology of diseases of the oral cavity is still poorly understood in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and nosological aspects ­ such as feeding and brushing habits ­ of disorders of the oral cavity of 198 dogs treated in the period between 2013 and 2019, in a veterinary dentistry service, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The most prevalent breeds were mixed breed dogs, followed by Yorkshire Terries, with no significant distinction between the gender. As for age, there was a predominance of animals from middle age to the elderly, with ages above seven years old. Among the most prevalent conditions, the highlight is due to dental calculus and periodontal disease followed by gingivitis and halitosis. Regarding the tutors' habits, there was a low level of routine brushing, and a high percentage in the supply of snacks. Evaluating the results and relating them to the eating habits of the patients, the hypothesis that comercial dog food feeding may somehow contribute to dental calculus evolution, urging studies with bigger samples for a deeper investigation.

Efficacy of Herbmed Plus in urolithic rats: An experimental study

Background: In Ayurveda, several herbs and formulations are available for the treatment of Urolithiasis.However, they are not systematically evaluated for their safety, efficacy, indication and limitations.Herbmed Plus is one such herbal formulation that has been known for the management of urinary tractdisorders. An attempt has been made to evaluate its efficacy on Urolithiasis.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Herbmed Plus in urolithic rats.Materials and methods: A total of 60 Wistar albino rats were used for this study. The male and female ratswere divided into five groups: disease control, test (dose 90 mg/kg), standard I (Cystone), standard II(Alkaston insta) and normal control (six in each group). Urolithiasis was induced using ethylene glycol0.75% in drinking water for 28 days. The rats with urinary oxalate crystals were dosed with oral test orstandard treatments for 28 days.Results: All the animals appeared normal and showed no clinical signs of toxicity. None of the groups reported mortality or adverse effect on body weight and food consumption. The treatment with test drugshowed improvement in the SGPT level and urine output (5.4 vs 3.47 mL/24 h). A drastic reduction in numberof crystals were observed in male 0.5 vs 22 and female rats 0 vs 22.7 in test and disease group. The kidneylactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, urinary phosphorus and calcium oxalate level decreased in thetest and standard drug groups as compared to disease groups. Microscopy of the urine samples showedreduction in the number of crystals after treatment compared to the urolithic group. Increase in citrate levelsin urine in all the treatment groups indicated anti-urolithiatic activity. The test group showed a 69.70% recovery in males and 47.57% recovery in female rats compared to the disease control group.Conclusion: Herbmed Plus showed a significant reduction in oxalate synthesizing enzymes suggestinganti-urolithiatic activity and anti-inflammatory and regenerative property in cellular injury caused bycrystal deposits

Entre São Paulo e Paris: o Cálculo vetorial do engenheiro Theodoro Ramos / Between São Paulo and Paris: the Vector calculus of the engineer Theodoro Ramos

Resumo Em 1930, o engenheiro Theodoro Ramos publicou pela livraria francesa Albert Blanchard seu livro sobre cálculo vetorial. Este artigo apresenta o contexto de edição da obra, a casa editorial onde foi impressa, o mercado para livros desse tipo na França e o aparecimento desse tema na história do cálculo. Compara conteúdos e aspectos materiais de várias obras similares editadas no período com o livro aqui estudado de maneira a evidenciar tanto suas inovações quanto adesões em relação a esse corpus de livros. Além de seus aspectos intrinsecamente matemáticos, procura capturar as representações, às vezes conflituosas, que a obra recebeu em seu percurso entre São Paulo e a Europa, seja em meio a especialistas ou a seus alunos.

Abstract In 1930, the engineer Theodoro Ramos published a book on vector calculus through the French publisher Albert Blanchard. The context of is publication, the publishing house where it was printed, the market for books of this kind in France, and the appearance of this topic in the history of calculus are discussed. Some of the contents and material aspects of several works of a similar nature published in the same period are compared with a view to bringing to light the innovations and consistencies of the book in question vis-à-vis this bibliographic corpus. Alongside its intrinsically mathematical aspects, the sometimes conflicting representations of the book by specialists and students in its trajectory between São Paulo and Europe are observed.